The Taming of the Shrew A Feminist Reading

A feminist reading of Shakespeares The Taming of the Shew throws up some interesting questions for a modern audience. We can appreciate that this play was written over 400 years ago and, as a result, we can understand that values and attitudes towards women and their role in society were very different then than now.   Subordination This play is a celebration of a woman being subordinated. Not only does Katherine become the passive and obedient partner of Petruchio (due to his starving her of food and sleep) but she also adopts this view of women for herself and ​evangelizes this mode of being to other women. Her final speech dictates that women must obey their husbands and be grateful. She suggests that if women do contest their husbands, they come across as ‘bereft of beauty.’ They must look pretty and be quiet. She even suggests that the female anatomy is unsuitable for hard work, being soft and weak she is unsuited to toil and that a woman’s demeanour should be reflected by her soft and smooth exterior. Modern Contrasts This flies in the face of what we learn about women in today’s ‘equal’ society. However, when you consider one of the most successful books of recent times; Fifty Shades of Grey, about a young woman Anastasia learning to be subordinate to her sexually dominant partner Christian, a book particularly popular with women; one has to wonder whether there is something appealing to women about a man taking charge and ‘taming’ the female in the relationship? Increasingly, women are taking more high powered positions in the workplace and in society in general. Is the idea of a man taking on all the responsibility and burden of work more appealing as a result?   Would all women really prefer to be ’kept women’, with the small dispensation of having to obey your men folk in return? Are we willing to pay the price of male brutality over women for a quiet life as Katherine is? Hopefully the answer is no. Katherine - A Feminist Icon? Katherine is a character who initially speaks her mind she is strong and witty and is more intelligent than many of her male counterparts. This can be admired by a female readership.   Conversely, what woman would want to emulate Bianca’s character who is essentially just beautiful but unremarkable in other aspects of her character? Unfortunately it appears that Katherine wants to emulate her sister and eventually becomes even less willing than Bianca to challenge the men in her life as a result. Was the need for companionship more important to Katherine than her independence and individuality? One could argue that Women are still celebrated more for their beauty than for any other achievement in today’s society. Many women internalize misogyny and behave accordingly without even knowing it. Women like Rhianna cavort and look sexually available on MTV to buy into a male fantasy in order to sell their music. They shave all over in order to conform to the current male fantasy demonstrated in prolific pornography. Women are not equal in today’s society and one could argue that they are even less so than in Shakespeare’s day...at least Katherine was just made to be subordinate and sexually available to one man, not millions. How Do You Solve a Problem Like Katherine Feisty, outspoken, opinionated Katherine was a problem to be solved in this play. Perhaps Shakespeare was demonstrating the way in which women are beaten down, criticised and derided for being themselves and in an ironic way was challenging this? Petruchio is not a likable character; he agrees to marry Katherine for the money and treats her badly throughout, an audience’s sympathy is not with him. An audience may admire Petruchio’s arrogance and tenacity but we are also very aware of his brutality. Perhaps this makes him slightly attractive in that he is so manful, perhaps this is even more attractive to a modern audience who is tired of the metrosexual male and would like a resurgence of the cave man? Whatever the answer to these questions, we have somewhat established that women are only slightly more emancipated now than in Shakespeare’s Britain (even this contention is debateable). The Taming of The Shrew raises issues about female desire:   Do women really want a man to tell them what to do and take charge or is an equal partnership something they should be striving for?If a woman wants a man to be in charge does that make her an enemy of the feminist?If a woman enjoys the Taming of the Shrew or Fifty Shades of Grey (Sorry to compare the two, Fifty Shades of Grey is by no means on a par in literary terms!) is she internalising patriarchal control or responding to an innate desire to be controlled? Perhaps when women are fully emancipated these narratives will be rejected completely by women? Either way we can learn from The Taming of the Shrew about our own culture, predilections and prejudices.

Rap Culture s Influence On Politics And Society - 1276 Words

Rap Culture’s Influence on Politics and Society Introduction Determined by historically oppressive conditions, black Americans have been facing struggles of communicating with the society. Tracing back to last century, slavery practiced the black community to maintain illiterate, giving them very few opportunities to communicate in any form other than oral tradition of communication. After the Harlem Renaissance in the early 20th century, the black community gained back its voice and the right to access literature. For them, oral communication and contemporary literature became early forms of expression for social and political rhetoric. (Farr, 6) I believe rap fits every definition of poetry, which is a universally recognized genre of†¦show more content†¦Gangsta rap was a new form of political poetry that rarely addressed in the same fashion for the issues of oppression that conscious rap attempted to uncover. Yet, this raw form of poetry depicted the lifestyles of ghettoes across the nation in a less political, but more dramatic f orm. Gangsta rap took on the responsibility of the masses by narrating the ugly side of black oppression in blunt language. Because of the constant revelation of social and political status and issues regarding to the black community, rap is commonly designated as â€Å"CNN for black people†. (Blanchard, par 6) Busts of Political Consciousness Fire burning inside my eyes, this the music that saved my life Y’all be calling it Hip-Hop, I be calling it Hypnotize —Kendrick Lamar, Section.80, â€Å"Fuck Your Ethnicity† Starting from last century, society has been posing oppressed rules on the black community. Many political and societal events spark consciousness, which encourage musicians to voice their opinions representing many from the black community. In 2005, Kanye West, who’s one of the most defiant and politically incorrect hip-hop artist, decided to express his opinion on teleprompter of the victims of Hurricane Katrina and the rebuilding of New Orleans. (Strachan 2015) West publicly stated â€Å"George Bush doesn’t like black people†. The shocking comment took the producers byShow MoreRelatedThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mafia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which someRead MoreRaps Extremely Powerful Influence Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesRaps Extremely Powerful Influence Rap music has been a part of this world since the 1960’s, and it has gone through hundreds of different stages in its time. However, the number one thing that people think of when they hear rap music is crime, violence, alcohol, drugs and other negative influences. Despite these common beliefes on what rap music is about, it can be an extremely positive influence. Educating the youth and community about the bad things happening around us and how they’re affectingRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 Pagesyears. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as hip hop culture. 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For example, Rap music has been blamed forRead MoreHip Hop Culture And Rap Music996 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past few years, hip-hop culture and rap music has stirred up controversy throughout America and it’s media. Whether it is Dr. Dre’s 1992 hit single â€Å"A Nigga Witta Gun† or Bobby Shmurda’s 2014 hit single â€Å"Hot Nigga† that boasts about shooting other African-Americans, it seems that the media has denounced the hip-hop culture and criticized them for the continuous increase on inner-city youth violence. If people would just listen closer to hip-hop’s message instead of assuming it has negativeRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1505 Words   |  7 PagesSwiss Hip Hop and Rap According to Michael Dyson and Wikipedia, Hip hop music and Hip Hop culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City. The genre became home to and was developed by African American youth residing in the Bronx. Block parties involved DJs playing very percussive breaks of popular songs Then Rapping developed as the primary vocal style of the genre. Hip hop s early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum-machines becameRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Music On The Youth Culture1316 Words   |  6 PagesHip-hop has such an impact on the youth culture, how Hip-hop is valued, and how the music and its lyrics are interpreted. Changing Images of Violence Rap music lyrics: 1979-1997 Hip- hop has both a negative and positive impact on African American lives. Over the past three decades, Hip-hop has arisen as a cultural and artistic aspect, influencing youth culture around the world. Hip-hop echo’s the social, economic, political, and culture matter and conditions for many youthRead MoreTupac Shakur: a Hip Hop Inspiration1236 Words   |  5 Pagesexpresses the realities and emotions of life in a poetic way. 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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act free essay sample

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(SOX which is also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act was enacted in July, 30, 2002 as a prompt response to the financial crimes scandals (Adelphia, Enron, WorldCom, Peregrime Systems , Arther Anderson and Tyco International). SOX establishes new, stricter standards for all US publicly traded companies. It does not apply to privately companies. The Act is administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which deals with compliance, rules and requirements. The Act also created a new agency, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, which is in charge of overseeing, regulating, inspecting, and disciplining accounting firms in their roles as auditors of public companies. In my opinion, the benefits of the act cant be able to overcome the frustration and the cost of it. The legislation was to redeem the confidence and faith of the public in the capital markets as well as strengthen corporate accounting controls. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sarbanes-Oxley Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So far in the political arena, the law has achieved its goals; more people have faith in the stock market (Gilson 5). Nevertheless, in the economic wise, the reports, observation and the trend of life the Act has caused is not pleasing. The Act did create a series of oversight measures as well as increase the sanctions for white collar crimes; frauds and accounting malpractices just to mention a few. This law meant well but economists could not help reflecting on what the implications on the economy that would be as a result of the new law (Gilson 5-6). The Act provides for the establishment of the Public Accounting Oversight Board to supervise the accounting industry to ensure that cases of conflict of interest are not repeated as was in case in the Enron fraud. The Act proscribes auditors from being consultants in the audit works of their clients (Gilson 6). Executives are also not allowed to receive loans from the company they work for and whistle blowers are promised jobs. Section 404 of the Act mandates that managers shall be held responsible for loss of control of internal structure and failure to report any malpractice of financial procedure (Gilson 6-7). Executives are expected to personally certify corporate accounts. Auditors are expected to attest to company’s internal control and disclose any loop holes and weakness. Where fraud was discovered, the Act prescribed for criminal penalties for the culprits (Gilson 7). At the first instance of the enactment of the law, critics argued that the Act was too expensive to enforce and discourage investors from the United States business market. It has been eight years since the Act became effective (Zhang 1). The wall street journal has reported that the Act has led to companies outsourcing from countries like India. The Act has inhibited job growth and provides fewer benefits for shareholders thus less people are investing with American companies; this economists have revealed that the U. S economy is hurting. Sarbanes-Oxley Act has resulted in hidden costs for employees, consumers and businesses (Berlau 1). Section 404 has been rebuked for being costly when it requires auditors are expected to sign off on internal controls too and not only company accounts. he internal controls range from business software any other tangible assets of a company that are linked to the company’s financial statements. Auditors now insist on signing off on every purchase a company made in the financial year (Berlau 2). Companies have lamented at the high cost of documentation they now spend since the Act was implemented on documenting even wasteful and obscure data. Economists argue that the money sp ent by companies in the implementation and enforcement of Acct is enough to create more jobs and hire more employees thus reduce the unemployment rate in the U. S. that is hurting the economy (Berlau 2). According to a survey conducted by the Financial Executives International (FEI), the average cost of implying with section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act had cost businesses about $ 3 million for 26, 000 on internal working hours auditing. The Chief Accounting Officer of General Motors was quoted saying that the Act has misdirected the attention of executives; instead on focusing on how to run the business, the executives are focused on implying with the Act thus companies are performing poorly and suffering losses. The sum of both indirect and direct costs of the Act has outweighed the benefits the Act has achieved. On the cost and benefit analysis, the Act has failed to be an economic wise decision and since the government is able to bail out financial institutions, it should also seek to amend the Act. Up to around 2005, companies were wasting multibillion dollar to implied this Act. A PWC surveys revealed that the over-regulation implemented by the Act was responsible for 59% of the growth stagnation of many firms in the United States. Human resources are said to be scarce and it is in this scenario that laws are formulated to deal with the scarcity of resources. It a human nature to accumulate more wealth even in the face of scarcity and thus property law have been established to protect individuals property rights and privileges (Bruce 3-5). The Chicago school of law and economics postulates that common law is best suited in planning for efficient legal rules. In the face of scarcity, man either robs what another man has acquired or works hard to acquire property therefore law is imperative (Bruce 5-6). The only involuntary property transfer advocated by the law is the taxation policy; every individual pays some form of tax to the government from income task to stamp duty imposed on essential documents as well as tax on goods (Bruce 7). According to Max amp; Ermas chief financial officer, the chain of restaurant business planned to withdrew from the stock market as soon as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was implemented as the Act was not good for business . He recounted that the cost of $600,000 that the Act is going to cost that is enough for them to open another restaurant and thus employ more people (Oppenheimer 1). More businesses followed suit because of the expensive nature of the Act. However, withdrawing from the stock market will not help the companies grow bigger, in fact it stagnates the growth of this companies as their capital resources cannot be utilized and in the long run, the employed rate will also be negatively affected. Arguably, the Act has been chastised for being the reason why the American economy won’t pick up from the recession. Outsourcing has been where companies are shifting gear too and creating more dents into the economy (Campbell amp; Picciotto 2-3). With or without the Act, transaction fraud are still appearing in the economic world, take Bernard Madoffs fraud for example. Although the act was implied since 2002, Madoffs company still be able to create fake document to scam 50 billions dollar of many investors. The act is not only create a new fix costs for companies but also doesnt help investors much. The only way that public can really avoid fraud and scam is when the company have moral hazard and the investor are wiser with their decision. Work Cited Berlau, John, Puts amp; Calls: Sabarnes-Oxley reform harming economy. The Pittsburgh Post- Gazette, November 15, 2005. Retrieved on March 31, 2011 from

Accounting Theory Market Response

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory for Market Response. Answer: Introduction Oil spills are very known to be very common these days and in relation to UK, the biggest known oil spill was the BP oil spill that was also called as Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In the Gulf of Mexico, there was an explosion of the Deepwater Horizon that severely injured and destroyed the lives of many people. Due to the explosion, flames of the fire were on for over one and a half days continuously leading to destruction by damaging the environment, disturbing the businesses and impacting the activities of fishing and tourism. Companies that were associated with the spill had to counter various problems as they were bound to clear the spill and compensate for the huge losses caused by the spill. Furthermore, this led to a creation of financial problems for the companies (Broader Krauss, 2011). To counter these difficulties, an attorney group was formed so that the relief proceedings could be carried out. BP had to face several lawsuits as the impact of spill was massive as it spre ad for over 480 miles affecting many states. Authorities felt a need for strict and regulative procedure in order to mitigate such kinds of risks in future. Thus, EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment), and other protection controls are considered very relevant when it comes to the safety of environment (Booz, 2010). The best strategy is systematic disclosure by companies by considering the environmental, financial and social factors. Research As BP was the main operator in relation to the oil spill, it was implied that BP would be the only one to be burdened with several liabilities and exactly the same happened. Hence, the failure on the part of regulatory authorities will be taken into consideration together with an assessment of the stand of BP. Furthermore, an evaluation of the environment can also help to ascertain the effect of oil spill upon the environment itself and other stakeholders. With the support of this study, the financial impact on BP can also be obtained. This research mainly focuses upon the failure of regulatory authorities and stand of the public interest theory. It is a major discussion of this research because of the prevalence of various flaws in the regulatory system. Simply saying, these weaknesses in the governance system and ethics have also proved to be a key contributor of oil spill. The report also highlights the failures by the regulatory agencies that led to the negative impact on environment. It also focuses upon the fact that if there were various rules and regulations framed by the government then such a tragic disaster would have been avoided (Channel News Asia, 2013). Financial consequences Response of BP Due to the massive and diversified impact of oil spill, BP was influenced to restore the Gulf of Mexico areas affected by the spill. It also decided to take various measures in order to re-establish the economy as well as the environment. In relation to this, BP took steps to expend millions of money in order to ensure the stabilization process that included settlement, compensation, clean up etc. It can be observed from the sustainability review of 2010 that around $37.3 billion was being kept aside for the re-establishment procedure. As discussed earlier about the massive and diversified impact of oil spill, different activities tend to rose that required huge expenditure and BP had to expend most of its money for all such activities in order to re-enhance its goodwill and remove the impact of spill as much as possible (Mason, 2010). It also had to frame an Oil Spill Trust in relation to these matters and altogether it costed a heavy expenditure of $20 billion. The entire image of BP was at stake because of the incident and this drove it to spend huge money on mitigating the aftermath of spill. It even spent a huge amount of $1.25 billion per quarter until 2013. Corporate Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is the voluntary activities undertaken by the companies in order to operate in an environmental, social and economic manner. Furthermore, it helps in compliance with the legal and ethical standards. This regulation is not compulsory in nature by many oil corporations such as the Indian Oil, Marathon and Chevron have adopted this into their system. In the present situation, it is the government and the legal systems duty to frame policies and procedures in order to avoid such disasters and it should ensure the compensation of affected parties (Cherry Sneirson, 2010). Cleaning Cleaning the spill was the key duty of BP as the effects were widespread. Hence, BP took various measures in order to clean the spill and for this purpose, it organized it arranged a fleet of vessels and other tools that could collect the spill floating in water. There were around 5000 vessels organized for this purpose with more than 90000 people engaged for cleaning. This removal process costed more than $14 million to BP and led to a collection of around 827,045 vessels containing the oil (Broder, 2012). Environment In order to bring more efficiency to control the aftermath of oil spill, BP associated itself with several federal agencies that supported in assessing the impact of the disaster on the environment. Furthermore, these agencies helped to ascertain a Natural Resource Damage Report that portrayed the exact picture of damage together with measures required to compensate the damage. BP spent a lump sum amount of more than $600 million for the evaluation process. This NRD assessment proved to be the biggest of all, even from the assessment taken under the Oil Pollution Act (Broder, 2012). In relation to the aquatic and sea animals, BP took several measures to re-establish the past heritage. For this purpose, it carried out thousands of surveys for the birds and attempts was made for rescuing and protecting the sea animals by the introduction of rehabilitation centers. BP had to incur millions of expenditure towards the protection of wildlife foundation by conducting surveys in the entire Gulf region (BP Gulf Update, 2012). Regulators BP was alone not at fault, the failure of government bodies were also to be blamed because competing interest was not focused upon by them that led to the violation of environment rules to a huge extent. The theory of public interest helps to highlight the functions and institutions that are relevant in the protection of economic efficiency. It is the responsibility of federal agencies to prepare themselves for any kinds of uncertainties arising in future and take corrective actions in order to get rid of them. It must also be determined when to delegate a decision to these independent regulatory agencies (CBS Chicago, 2013). Hence, the regulatory agencies failed to work inefficiently on their part because they mainly concentrated on the practical situations and thus it led to the loss of environmental benefits and other damages too. Thus, it was evident that the legal system and regulatory bodies functioned inefficiently and due to the prevalence of several flaws in the system; such a disaster affected millions of people and diversities. According to the surveys, it was clear that the presence of strong and effective government policies and procedures could have proved to be a very strong advantage over such disasters. This clearly indicated a misbalance in the theory of public interest and concepts of good corporate governance and ethics. According to the theory of public interest, if the markets were to perform on its own, then it would act indifferently (Fodor Stowe, 2010). It was also evident that the federal agencies lacked various resources and tools in order to protect and safeguard the environment especially in relation to drilling and deepwater. This proves from the statement of the Department of Interior Official that even the resources for enforcement was lacked by the agencies as there were only 40 officials looking after the Mexico region according to the official. OCSLA failed because of the outdated regulations relating to the protection of environment. Motivation of Politicians as regulators It must be noted that politicians must act as regulators in order to protect the environment as they can bring sheer strength in the operations of the company. Regulatory policies and procedures can be easily framed by the politicians thus creating a well-being for public interest. They can prove to be an effective and strong regulator as they can act for the benefit of the economy and community as a whole if they are allowed various incentive schemes (Upton, 2011). Action needed Due to this massive disaster, there were ways created for various innovative plans and procedures. The oil spill incident led to the destruction of various wildlife communities, businesses and the environment as a whole. This also gave rise to an urgent requirement of good corporate governance in companies as BP took precautions and steps only when the spill occurred and investigation was carried out. In the current scenario, punishing the companies by imposing various fines or penalties cannot be considered adequate because the main requirement is strengthening the regulatory policies by initiating new rules and regulations of healthy ethical standards so that the protection can be done on a whole. The functions and role of agency must also be made clear so that it remains strong even in worse situations (BP Plc, 2014). Even the monitoring and enforcement must be provided due importance so that the activities of production are done after approval. It is also required that proper disclosures must be made in the annual report by companies so that they can be well-known about the conditions prevailing and can arrange certain precautions prior to the incidence of any disaster. In order to have a proper and effective estimate, disclosures relating to revenues, expenses etc must be properly made. Recommendation The main motive of BP was the maximization of profits and little did it concentrate on the environmental concerns. This indicates that the government must frame strict rules for oil companies so that such a disaster can be prevented in future. Not only the government, but the companies themselves must act ethically for the environmental protection by submitting hazard programs in order to ascertain any occurring of contingent events. This can in turn ensure safety and insured from danger. The agencies must also evaluate the rules and regulations on a regular basis so that environmental concerns can be given due importance (Jacobson, 2013). Advisory Boards can also be introduced that can independently function irrespective of agencies or any company. Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that the organizations of larger stature always contain a legal team that helps in backing up the mishap and stem the financial loss. It has been noticed that the Oil Spill has immense effect on BP, as well as its associates. To make provision for the loss, around $30 billion was sold by BP. The huge expenses clearly reflect that immense problem were faced by it and hence, the stock prices received a massive blow. Hence, corporate social responsibility must be provided immense focus and hence, safety measures are the need of the hour. This helps to avert any adverse circumstances. It is a common parlance that the companies mainly focus on the concept of creation of wealth and compromise with the social responsibility. The Oil Spill of BP is a glaring example. To avert a situation like that it is strong advised to have major provisions and committee that will stress on the concern. Hence, it can be said that there is a strong urge to have strong p ractices and reporting that enables the company to prosper and enhance the environmental performance. References Booz, A.H 2010, The Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Market Response - Part One, Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory. BP Gulf Update 2012, BP Protecting Wildlife, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.bpgulfupdate.com/external/content/document/4699/1469631/1/WILDLIFE_Fact_Sheet_FINAL_2-23-12.PDF. Broder, J. M 2012, Ruling Favours Owner of Rig in Gulf Spill, The New York Times, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/business/energy-environment/transocean-not-liable-for-some-gulf-spill-claims-judge-rules.html. Broder, J. M., Krauss, C 2011, Regulation of Offshore Rigs Is a Work in Progress, The New York Times, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/us/politics/17regulate.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 BP Plc 2014, Annual report and accounts 2014, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bpcountry/de_de/PDFs/brochures/BP_Annual_Report_and_Form_20F_2014.pdf CBS Chicago 2013, BP Settles Class-Action Lawsuit Over Tainted Gasoline, CBS Chicago, viewed 25 May 2016, https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2013/08/21/bp-settles-class-action-lawsuit-over-tainted-gasoline/ Channel News Asia 2013, BP says oil spill compensation fund running out, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.channelnewsasia.com. Cherry, M.A., Sneirson, J.F 2010, Beyond Profit: Rethinking Corporate Social Responsibility and Green washing after the BP Oil Disaster, Tulane Law Review, vol. 85, no.4, pp. 983-1038 Fodor, A., Stowe, J.D 2010, The BP Oil Disaster: Stock and Option Market Reactions, Working Paper, Ohio University. Jacobson, M 2013, By the Numbers: The Oil Spill and BP's Legal Troubles, PBS News Hour, viewed 25 May 2016, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/07/gulf-oil-spill-by-the-numbers.html. Mason, J.R 2010, The Economic Cost of a Moratorium on Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration to the Gulf Region, Working Paper :Louisiana State University. Upton, H.F 2011, The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and the Gulf of Mexico Fishing Industry, A look at Europes Financial Crisis, viewed 25 May 2016, https://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/_business/greece_imf/content.swf.